Tabla de Contenido
Introducción
En el mundo de los negocios, la determinación de costos es una tarea fundamental en la gestión de cualquier empresa. La correcta identificación de los factores que intervienen en los procesos de producción es clave para poder establecer precios competitivos y optimizar la rentabilidad de la empresa.
En este artículo, se explicarán las técnicas de acumulación de costos en procesos de producción.
La ecuación general del costo como postulado
La ecuación general del costo es un postulado que permite discernir los factores que influyen en la determinación de los costos, independientemente de la técnica que se utilice para calcularlos.
Es importante destacar que la ecuación general no debe ser interpretada como una metodología de acumulación de costos, sino como un postulado que permite identificar los factores que intervienen en la determinación de los costos.
Tratamiento individual de los factores
Existen dos técnicas para el tratamiento de los factores en la determinación de costos: el tratamiento individual y el tratamiento grupal.
El tratamiento individual se aplica a los factores más significativos o relevantes y consiste en determinar tanto las relaciones de productividad específicas como los componentes de valor de cada uno de ellos, para luego sumarlos según la ecuación general del costo.
Tratamiento grupal de los factores
El tratamiento grupal se aplica al resto de los factores que son de baja significación económica individualmente considerados, y consiste en definir grupos de factores según alguna característica común y aplicar un mecanismo que opera con componentes físicos y monetarios sustitutos.
Este mecanismo implica identificar una unidad física representativa, asociable con los resultados productivos, definir un componente monetario sustituto por unidad física objetiva y calcular las relaciones de productividad grupal expresadas en términos de cantidad de la unidad física representativa de los factores por unidad de objetivo productivo.
Aplicación de la ecuación general del costo en ambos tratamientos
Cualquiera sea el tratamiento asignado a los factores, la determinación de los costos no abandona el postulado de la ecuación general del costo en cuanto a la interrelación de los componentes físicos y monetarios de los factores.
La ecuación general del costo es idónea para explicar las técnicas de costeo que emplean cuotas de aplicación para colectivos de factores de tratamiento grupal, a poco que se quiera descubrir las relaciones de productividad genuinas que se ocultan detrás del procedimiento.
Conclusión
La determinación de costos en los procesos de producción es una tarea clave en la gestión de cualquier empresa.
La correcta identificación de los factores que intervienen en estos procesos permite establecer precios competitivos y optimizar la rentabilidad de la empresa.
La ecuación general del costo es un postulado que permite discernir los factores que influyen en la determinación de los costos, y existen dos técnicas para el tratamiento de los factores en la determinación de costos: el tratamiento individual y el tratamiento grupal.
En ambos casos, la ecuación general del costo se aplica en la interrelación de los componentes físicos y monetarios de los factores, lo que permite tener una visión más clara de los costos involucrados en los procesos de producción.
Es importante tener en cuenta que la técnica de tratamiento grupal puede resultar más conveniente en procesos de producción complejos, donde la identificación individual de cada factor puede resultar impracticable o laboriosa.
En cualquier caso, la aplicación de estas técnicas puede ser fundamental para la toma de decisiones en la gestión empresarial.
Bibliografía
Cartier, E. (2017). Apuntes para una teoría del costo. 1ra Edición. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Argentina. Editorial La Ley. Pp 148-151.
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